The project of planning the territory of the Dachny microdistrict. 

Kushva, 2013

 

Position and features of the location of design sites No. 1 and No. 2 in the system of the city of Kushva

Design sites No. 1 and No. 2 are located in the city of Kushva, which is the administrative, financial and cultural center of the Kushvinsky urban district of the Sverdlovsk region.

The projected sites are located in the south-eastern part of the city: site No. 1 is located on the territory of the Dachnoye village, site No. 2 a little to the north adjoins 40 Let Oktyabrya Street.

 

The territory of the design site No. 1 is limited: from the north and east - by areas of the existing individual estate residential development and vegetable gardens; from the south - by territories occupied mainly by meadow vegetation, from the west - by Engels Street. The area within the boundaries of the design site No. 1 is 21.75 & nbsp; ha (determined by the cartometric method).

 

The territory of the design site No. 2 is limited: from the west - by 40 Let Oktyabrya Street, from all other sides by the existing residential development and vegetable gardens. The area within the boundaries of the design site No. 2 is 8.64 & nbsp; ha (determined by the cartometric method).

According to the general plan, the territory of the design sites is intended to accommodate individual estate residential development.

For the period of development of the planning project, design site No. 1 is partially built up with individual residential buildings, in accordance with the previously developed development sketch. Within the boundaries of the design site No. 2, there are no any types of buildings, with the exception of the building (bath), located in its southeastern part. Under this object, a land plot has not been registered, there is no permit for the construction and commissioning of the object.

 

For the period of development of the planning project, design site No. 2 and the territories of design site No. 1 free from development are actually used for grazing and haymaking.

The presence of free space and convenient transport links makes the territory of design sites No. 1 and No. 2 attractive for housing construction, increasing building density and developing a system of cultural and community services for the population.

The total population of the design site No. 1 as of 01.01.2013 & nbsp; is 20 persons. There is no permanently residing population on the territory of the design site No. 2.

 

Historical reference

Design sites No. 1 and No. 2 are the youngest planning elements of the city of Kushva. The beginning of the formation of these planning elements dates back to 2005 . It is associated with the development of land free from development, located in the southeastern part of the city of Kushva and used for grazing and haymaking, for individual housing construction, with the land plots being registered with the cadastre.

 

Planning structure of the territory

The planning structure of the city of Kushva, founded in the middle of the 18th century, developed in the traditions of the Ural city-factories. At the same time, it has its own unique motifs, dictated by the specific features of the landscape and the peculiarities of the development of industrial production.

The planning structure, which is typical for most cities in the Urals, is compact. It is based on a street and road network, which from the moment the plant was founded and throughout the nineteenth century. remained regular, as a result of the dominance of the "classicism" style.

 

The central core of the city is formed by the unique architectural and production ensemble of the Kushvinsky plant. The construction of workers' quarters naturally began along the perimeter of the industrial zone of the plant, and later stretched along the Kushvinsky pond, which, together with the industrial zone, forms the central compositional axis, dividing the city into two parts: western and eastern.

The architects and engineers of the city faced the difficult task of linking the Blagodat mountain deposit and the Kushvinsky plant into a single industrial and natural ensemble. Historically, the unifying link is Shakhterov Street, along which the cable car designed by the Italians to deliver mined ore to the plant used to run.

 

The originality of the composition of the Kushvinsky plant lies in the fact that it was created for a long time under the influence of both technical and technological, and artistic and aesthetic requirements of a certain era. At the same time, according to the article by Shipitsyna O.A., Candidate of Architecture FGBOU HPE "UralGAKhA", "The unique industrial landscape ensemble in Kushva: the history of creation and the concept of conservation", in the long-term formation of the industrial landscape ensemble of the Kushvinsky plant, two qualitatively different period, the passage of which is typical for all industrial enterprises of the Urals:

§       The first period begins from the moment the plant was founded in 1735 and ends in the 30s of the 19th century with the arrival of professional architects in the Urals. At this time, the basic principles of organizing the structure of the future industrial-landscape ensemble and the laws of its development in a certain direction are laid.

§       The second period begins in the 30s of the 19th century with the mass replacement of the plant's wooden buildings with stone ones and ends in the first third of the 20th century with the creation of the final structure of the industrial landscape ensemble of the Kushvinsky plant. It was from this time that the architectural period in the history of the Kushvinsky plant actually began, associated with the involvement of first professional architects in the construction, and then engineers-architects.

The 20th century, writes Volochatnikova M.N., master student of the Ural State Academy of Arts, in her article “The image of a small Ural city as the basis for the formation of its architectural and spatial environment”, was marked by major changes for the plant and the city:

§       repeated reorientation of the production profile of the city-forming plant;

§       the construction of new workshops, dividing the city into two parts in terms of planning;

§       the dominance of functionalism in the style of buildings.

 

All this led to a number of problems that now exist in the city:

1.    The industrial zone has lost its ensemble character. The plant, which turned Kushva into the most important industrial city of the Urals along with Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil, today, in fact, is a wasteland in the center of the city.

2.    The emerging disharmony of the central part of the city led to fundamental changes in the general style. The architecture of the eastern part of the city is the architecture of the period of industrialization, which is characterized by mid-rise buildings with functional, faceless buildings. During the Soviet period of the life of the city, Kushva lost many of the most important dominant buildings. The western territories are characterized by low-rise buildings, represented by dilapidated manor houses built in the pre-revolutionary period, and barracks.

3.    Lack of convenient transport links between the right and left banks. The city pond dam, which is the shortest connecting vector between the western and eastern parts of the city of Kushva, is closed to vehicle traffic.

Decisions to improve and streamline the planning structure of the city are contained in the current general plan of the city of Kushva.

Design sites No. 1 and No. 2 in the town-planning ensemble of the city of Kushva serve as a background building for the spatial and semantic dominants of the city. They are less significant for the territory of the city, but they create the role of a backdrop against which restoration and reconstruction activities can take place.

 

For the period of development of the planning project, design site No. 1 is partially built up with individual residential buildings, in accordance with the previously developed development sketch. Within the boundaries of the design site No. 2, there are no any types of buildings, with the exception of the building (bath), located in its southeastern part. Design site No. 2 and the territories of design site No. 1 free from development are actually used for grazing and haymaking.

 

The average slope of design section No. 1 is about 5.3%. design site No. 2 - 3.3%, which greatly simplifies the vertical preparation of the territory, the tracing of the road network and the implementation of housing construction.

 

 

Planning organization of the territory

Requirements for the use and development of the projected area in accordance with the current urban planning documentation

In accordance with the master plan, the territory under consideration is intended for the placement of individual manor residential development. The planning project incorporates the principle of integrated development of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 - the construction of the necessary social infrastructure facilities in parallel with the commissioning of housing, landscaping of territories, the possibility of long-term development of the road network.

 

Architectural and planning solution

The planning structure of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 was decided in conjunction with the existing geometric organization of the entire city of Kushva. The planning of the plots was carried out in accordance with the general plan of the city of Kushva and is mainly aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of the territory by building it with individual residential houses of the estate type and placing KBO facilities of local importance.

 

The town-planning framework of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 of Kushva is based on a regular rectangular grid of streets, providing:

§       minimal time spent on transport links within the sections;

§       rational and most efficient use of the territory of design sections No. 1 and No. 2;

§       convenience and cost-effectiveness of laying engineering networks.

 

The design of the road network of sections No. 1 and No. 2 was carried out in accordance with the standard indicators for the size of red lines according to SP 42.13330.2011.

 

The planning organization of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 is distinguished by geometric rigor with a clear division of the territory into the following functional zones:

Design section No. 1:

§       living sector;

§       public and business zone;

§       common area;

Design section No. 2:

§       living sector;

§       public and business zone;

§       agricultural land zone;

§       common area.

 

Living sector

The residential area is represented by:

§       a development zone with individual residential buildings, residential houses of the manor type and houses of the blocked type (design areas No. 1 and No. 2);

§       zone of multi-apartment residential buildings (1-3 floors, including the attic floor) (section No. 2).

The zone of individual residential buildings with plots is the largest of the functional zones listed above: it occupies 60.6% and 56.1% of the area of design plots No. 1 and No. 2, respectively.

The zone includes land plots up to 4266.2 m2 planned for individual housing construction. The recommended building method is a linear two-row building. The total number of houses to be placed on the design site No. 1 is 66, on the design site No. 2 - 26.

 

Buildings along streets and driveways are placed along the building line, which deviates from the red line inland by at least 3 m (in accordance with the PZZ of Kushva). The strip between the red line and the building line must be used for protective landscaping.

Landscaping of an individual site is recommended to be linked with its layout. In the front garden, it is recommended to plant flowering shrubs, perennial and annual flowers. Fruit trees should be planted so that they do not cover the house and do not shade the windows. Planting fences from the side of the street, blank walls of buildings, porches, verandas, gazebos, use climbing plants. To protect the site from the side of the street and from neighboring sites, a hedge should be planted with a height of no more than 1-1.5 m.

 

The economic part of the territory of an individual plot should be placed next to a residential building. Individual sheds and cellars are best blocked, located in the depths of the site.

The zone of multi-apartment residential buildings (1-3 floors, including the attic floor) is allocated for plot No. 2 and is represented by a part of the land plot 66:53:0313007:119 falling within the design boundaries.

 

Public business zone

The public and business zones of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 are zones of shopping complexes, including mixed goods stores.

The location of service facilities (in the center of site No. 1, in the southern part of design site No. 2) was chosen taking into account the radius of pedestrian accessibility, which, according to SP 42.13330.2011, for these objects in the urban area is 800 m.

The dimensions of the land plots allocated for shops of mixed goods (1691.0 and 2720.5 ha, respectively) provide for the design of utility yards with convenient transport access, small sheds for household containers and storage facilities. Yards should be hidden from the main points of perception of street development (pedestrian paths, boulevard lawns). Farm yards are recommended to be planted with tall trees, their territory to be asphalted, and to be fenced along the perimeter with a high hedge.

 

The parameters of the land plots under the objects of the public center provide for the possibility of placing paved parking lots with parking spaces for cars.

 

Agricultural land zone

The agricultural land zone was formed for the design site No. 2 and is represented by vegetable gardens. The total area of the zone is 0.39 ha.

Common area

The common area is formed by streets, driveways, green spaces and is the connecting fabric of all the above areas of design sections No. 1 and No. 2.

 

So, several options were considered for designing the planning structure of sections No. 1 and No. 2 of Kushva. This version proposes:

§       Designing a street and road network in order to achieve a high degree of connectivity of the territory and taking into account the regulatory indicators and technical regulations for the turning radii of streets;

§       Designing red lines in accordance with regulatory indicators;

§       Functional zoning of the territory of the design site No. 1 with the allocation of 3 main functional zones (zones of individual residential buildings with plots; public and business zones; public areas) and design site No. 2 with the allocation of 4 main functional zones (zones of individual residential houses with plots; public and business zone; agricultural zone; common use zone).

§       Placement of individual residential buildings of the estate type: plot No. 1 - 66 residential buildings, each with a total area of at least 100 m2; plot No. 2 - 26 & nbsp; residential buildings, each with a total area of at least 100 & nbsp; m2 .;

§       Placement of trade objects: at the design site No. 1, a mixed goods store with an area of 1691.0 and at the design site No. 2 a mixed goods store with an area of 2720.5.

 

As a result of the implementation of the submitted project proposal, the area of design sites No. 1 and No. 2 of Kushva (south-eastern part) will remain unchanged and will be 21.75 and 8.64 ha, respectively. The structure of the planned functional zoning of the territories of design sites No. 1 and No. 2 of the city of Kushva is presented in tables 47-48.

 

 

Transport infrastructure

The basis for the design development of the transport infrastructure of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 is based on the proposals of the General Plan of the city of Kushva. This section considers the following issues: the development of the road network, the modernization of the public transport system, the storage of individual vehicles, the development of the vehicle maintenance system.

Proposals for the development of the road network

 

In order to achieve the connectivity of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 with external roads and the existing street and road network of the city of Kushva, the planning project proposes:

§       Construction of streets on the territory of design sections No. 1 and No. 2 according to the regular type;

§       Designing the road network of sections No. 1 and No. 2 in accordance with the standard dimensions of the red lines;

§       Designing a street and road network, taking into account regulatory indicators and the requirements of technical regulations for the turning radii of streets and roads;

§       Asphalting of the entire street and road network of design sections No. 1 and No. 2.