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Study of the typology of historical buildings and houses of S. Posad for the "Volumetric and Spatial Regulations" (OPR)

TYPOLOGY   DESIGNS

The study made it possible to identify eight main types of houses in S. Posada, three main types of development and location of buildings on the site. The publication on this page only shows a few types to illustrate the principle.
On the basis of the selected types, the parameters of the plots and development were analyzed, which were further laid down in a document called"Volumetric and Spatial Regulations" city building. This document is intended to introduce a more extended range of architectural parameters into the "Land Use and Development Rules" (LR) of the city. This is necessary in order to introduce stricter control over the chaotic modern development that is observed in historical cities, which is completely unacceptable and spoils the historical appearance of the city, reducing its environmental quality, destroying the historical spirit of the city and damaging the tourist attractiveness of the city, and hence the local economy.
“The project provided for a clear zoning of the city's development both in terms of the nature of the buildings and the class affiliation of the population. All quarters adjacent to the central core of the city were intended only for the stone structure of the propertied classes (they are highlighted in a light tone on the plan), and far outside the city along the Dmitrov road and in the vicinity of the village of Blagoveshchensky, places were allocated for resettlement of peasants from the settlement.
...
For the “philistine” building, “exemplary facades” of residential buildings of various types were specially designed, depending on the size of the plots and the richness of the finishes. (V.I. Baldin "Zagorsk", Moscow, Stroizdat, 1981)
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The development of Sergiev Posad considered in this project is typical for the provincial cities of Central Russia of the post-reform period. Most of the once widespread type of middle-class wooden and semi-stone buildings in the style of late classicism on the central streets of the city was lost in the 1960s-1980s during the reconstruction of certain sections of Red Army Avenue, as well as during unauthorized demolitions of historical buildings in the 1990s-2000s.

When determining the types, a large number of buildings were identified that were built in the early Soviet (1920s) period. They can be attributed to the type of one-story wooden houses (Type 3). The most preserved of them today can be observed in the area of historical
settlements of Pushkarskaya, Streletskaya and the village of Panino. Separate houses can be found in other historical settlements. These buildings have characteristic differences in volumetric composition and decor from the buildings of the turn of the century and earlier.

The work on identifying the typology of buildings has been done in order to further introduce information into the volumetric and spatial regulations for Sergiev Posad, developed by KB Strelka.

To apply the building typology in new construction, it is necessary to designate the zones in which one or another type can be used, based on the zoning of 1927, archival data on buildings, and also partly on the existing situation.

In no case should specific buildings or their fragments be replicated as typical. The greatest variability within the style is needed so that the new building is perceived not as a falsification, but as an allusion to a certain style or historical period, corresponding to the original environment in terms of scale, color scheme, and the nature of the elements.
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The mezzanine podium is highlighted as a free-standing element using polished concrete or architectural concrete, with inserts of mirror surfaces. The floor covering is made of solid oak boards. The walls are decorated with mirrors, enhancing the effect of "hovering" over the panoramas of Moscow.
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TYPOLOGY   BUILDINGS

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The boundaries of the study were determined, coinciding with the boundaries of the historical settlement of the city. 
Within these boundaries, all houses and streets were analyzed; houses are marked and the types of buildings characteristic of the city are highlighted; buildings of historical value are marked and mapped; as well as a catalog of surviving buildings and their elements. 
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Mapping of identified historical houses helped to create zoning, which displays quarters and streets with partially preserved historical buildings. This zoning will be the basis for the development of the "Volumetric and Spatial Regulations" and the introduction of additions to the city's PZZ.
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Customer:
KB "STRELKA"
 
Architects:
Trenina Victoria
Sabirullov Alexey
Kharkiv Alexey
Nabasova Olga
Ryzhko Olga
VOOPIK specialists:
Sosedov Evgeny
Lavrentieva Tatiana
Trubetskaya Irina

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